Online Degrees and Courses

Horticulture Courses For Graduate at Virginia Polytechnic Institute And State University

HORT 4324 - Greenhouse Management
For persons who intend to manage or advise those managing greenhouses. Includes greenhouse construction, environmental controls, disease/insect identification and management, control of plant growth, root-zone management, and marketing and management principles specific to greenhouse operations. Pre: Coursework or experience in plant growth and environmental management required.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Online Course

HORT 4545 - Small Scale and Residential Landscape Design
Development of graphic skills with concentration on a variety of media and techniques. Basic theory and principles on design of small scale and residential landscapes with emphasis on spatial composition, user needs, ecology, and uses of plant materials and light construction. 4545, I; 4546, II.
Credit Hours: 0 to 4
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

HORT 4546 - Small Scale and Residential Landscape Design
Development of graphic skills with concentration on a variety of media and techniques. Basic theory and principles on design of small scale and residential landscapes with emphasis on spatial composition, user needs, ecology, and uses of plant materials and light construction. 4545, I; 4546, II.
Credit Hours: 0 to 4
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

HORT 5004 (WOOD 5004) (PPWS 5004) (DASC 5004) (AAEC 5004) - Seminar
Formal presentation and discussion of current problems, programs, and research studies in horticulture. May be repeated. I,II
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HORT 5104 - Introduction to Graduate Studies and Research
Introduction to topics and processes important during and following graduate study in a Land Grant institution. Topics include philosophy of the Land Grant institution, the scientific process, experiment station project proposals, literature reviews and library information retrieval systems, function of statistics in research, manuscript preparation, oral and poster paper presentation, peer review of manuscripts, grant proposals, and thesis and dissertation preparation. I
Credit Hours: 2
Lecture Hours: 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HORT 5204 - Horticultural Communication in Writing
The business of writing and marketing horticultural publications including magazine, newspaper, and web articles, extension publications, newsletters, manuals, and books. Marketing writing and understanding legal issues. Visual enhancement with illustrations and photographs. Graduate standing required.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HORT 5304 (CSES 5304) - Advanced Plant Genetics and Breeding
Plant breeding theory and methodology for the improvement of agronomic and horticultural crops; genetic diversity; polyploidy; gene inheritance, expression, interaction, and stability; incompatibility; male sterility; haploidy; genetic engineering and transformation; parental selection, hybridization, and population development; breeding methods, genotypic and phenotypic selection and evaluation; strategies for cultivar development including marker assisted selection and breeding for durable disease resistance. Graduate standing required.
Credit Hours: 0 to 4
Lecture Hours: 0 to 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

HORT 5404 - Plant Tissue Culture
The use of aseptic techniques for the culture and manipulation of plant cells, tissues, and organs with emphasis on developmental, physiological, and genetic applications. II
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

HORT 5504 - Nutrition of Horticultural Crops
Principles of mineral nutrition for the production and utilization of fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals; functions of mineral nutrients, correction of deficiencies and imbalances associated with physiological disorders of usable plant parts; and interactions of mineral nutrients with environmental and cultural factors. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HORT 5524 (PPWS 5524) - Advanced Plant Physiology and Metabolism I
Plant metabolism and its regulation, cell and organ structure and function. Current understanding of photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen fixation, mineral nutrition, water and ion transport in plant cells and tissues, ecophysiology and responses of plants to the environment. Pre: undergraduate major in Biology or related discipline. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HORT 5534 (PPWS 5534) - Advanced Plant Physiology and Metabolism II
Presentation of the current understanding of metabolic and functional relationships among primary and secondary metabolites and storage products and their impact on the whole plant. Biosynthesis of phytohormones. Mechanisms controlling responses to phytohormones including: impact on carbon/nitrogen partitioning, senescence, development of higher plant structures such as vascular tissue and flowers. PRE: undergraduate major in Biology or related discipline. I,II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HORT 5604 - Physiol Crop Plants
Growth and phasic development of crop plants. Emphasis on cellular and metabolic aspects of germination, organ formation, flowering, fruiting, senescence, and the role of environment and bioactive substances. Consent required. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HORT 5894 - Final Examination

Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HORT 5904 - Project and Report

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Research

HORT 5974 - Independent Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Independent Study, Independent Study 1, Independent Study 2

HORT 5984 - Special Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Lecture 1, Lecture 2, Lecture 3, Online Course

HORT 5994 - Research and Thesis

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Research

HORT 6004 - Advanced Topics in Horticulture
In-depth presentations and discussions in a specific area of advanced horticulture. Topics will vary, and course may be taken for credit more than once. I,II,III
Credit Hours: 1 to 4
Lecture Hours: 1 to 4
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Lecture 1, Online Course

HORT 7994 - Research and Dissertation

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Research

 Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise Courses For Graduate at Virginia Polytechnic Institute And State University

HNFE 4125 - Medical Nutrition Therapy
Study of nutritional diagnostic, therapeutic and counseling services provided by a registered dietitian. 4125: Emphasis on the relationship between principles of nutritional care and the medical treatment of individuals with selected diseases or clinical problems. 4126: Integration of knowledge of pathophysiology, biochemical, and clinical parameters, medical treatment and nutrition therapy for patients with selected clinical problems/disease states. 4125: I. 4126: II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 4126 - Medical Nutrition Therapy
Study of nutritional diagnostic, therapeutic and counseling services provided by a registered dietitian. 4125: Emphasis on the relationship between principles of nutritional care and the medical treatment of individuals with selected diseases or clinical problems. 4126: Integration of knowledge of pathophysiology, biochemical, and clinical parameters, medical treatment and nutrition therapy for patients with selected clinical problems/disease states. 4125: I. 4126: II.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 4224 - Alternative and Complementary Nutrition Therapies
Critical evaluation of health claims, mechanisms of action, and research literature for a wide variety of unconventional nutrition therapies used for disease prevention and treatment. Practical application of knowledge through completion of problem-based learning projects. II.
Credit Hours: 2
Lecture Hours: 2
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 4254 - Experimental Foods
Experimental study of the functions of ingredients and factors affecting food quality with emphasis on an independent project. II
Credit Hours: 0 to 2
Lecture Hours: 0 to 1
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

HNFE 4634 - Socio-Cultural Food Systems
Study of social, cultural, and economic aspects of food systems, using quantitative and qualitative methods to assess nutritional status. I
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

HNFE 4844 - Exercise and Neuromuscular Performance
Functional properties of the neuromuscular system. Emphasis placed on the acute and chronic responses of muscle in exercise, rehabilitation and the factors which determine human performance. Special emphasis on the molecular biological factors responsible for skeletal muscle development and differentiation, as well as adaptation to training and disease states, including activation of signal cascades responsible for the changes in muscle performance. II.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 5014 (FST 5014) - Sensory Evaluation of Food
Principles of sensory evaluation including experimental methods, applications, and statistical analyses. I
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

HNFE 5044 - Seminar in Human Nutrition and Foods
Critical review and oral reporting of pertinent literature and research in the various areas of foods and nutrition. I,II
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 5054 (ALS 5054) - Methodology in Nutrition Research
Use of laboratory techniques, instrumentation, and experimental design in the solution of fundamental problems in human and animal nutrition. II
Credit Hours: 2
Lecture Hours: 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 5104 (ALS 5104) - Nutritional Aspects of Digestive Systems
Principles of gastrointestinal tract structure, motility, and digestive functions with emphasis on neuroendocrine and metabolic regulation of absorption and transport of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, minerals, and vitamins during the life cycles of food animals and humans. I
Credit Hours: 2
Lecture Hours: 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 5114 (ALS 5114) - Vitamins and Minerals
Study of metabolic regulation and physiologic functions of micronutrients; micronutrient functions as related to maintenance of health and prevention of disease; analytical methods, determination of micronutrient requirements and assessment of status. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 5124 (ALS 5124) - Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism
Protein and amino acid metabolism in liver, muscle, kidney, and brain; effects of dietary protein on gene expression; protein turnover in tissues; protein quality evaluations; analytical problems in amino acid metabolism. II
Credit Hours: 2
Lecture Hours: 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 5134 (ALS 5134) - Carbohydrates, Lipids and Energy Metabolism
Concepts in the utilization, metabolism and regulation of carbohydrates and lipids as related to energy metabolism in the various organs and energy balance and its control; metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids during activity, fasting, and different disease states in the liver, brain, adipose tissue, kidney and heart; methods of assessment of cardohydrate and lipid metabolism. I
Credit Hours: 2
Lecture Hours: 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 5144 (ALS 5144) - Molecular Aspects of Nutrition and Disease
The role of specific nutrients in human and animal health at a physiologic and molecular level. Emphasis is placed on the influence of nutrients on gene expression especially with regard to pathophysiology of diseases. Physiological and molecular aspects of nutrition and immune function will also be discussed. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 5214 - Lipids and Colloids in Foods
Physiochemical properties and reactions of lipids and dispersions in foods. II
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

HNFE 5224 - Proteins and Enzymes in Foods
Physical and chemical properties and reactions of proteins and enzymes in foods. II
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

HNFE 5234 - Carbohydrates and Plant Pigments in Foods
The physical and chemical properties and reactions of carbohydrates and plant pigments in foods. I
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

HNFE 5604 - Principles of Public Health Nutrition
This course provides knowledge of community assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation as related to nutrition services in health programs. It presents a conceptual background for viewing dietary as well as social, economic, and environmental factors influencing health and nutritional status of populations. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 5614 - Maternal and Child Nutrition
Nutritional needs and problems of pregnant and lactating women, infants, and children in relation to their nutritional physiology; physiological and pathological basis for current research and public health programs in this area are discussed. I
Credit Hours: 2
Lecture Hours: 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 5624 - Nutrition and Aging
Concepts and principles relevant to nutrition of the aging individual are discussed. Consideration of physiological changes, major nutritional needs, and the application of nutrition principles are included. Human physiology and upper division nutrition course required. I
Credit Hours: 2
Lecture Hours: 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 5664 - Physiological Aspects of Aging
Changes occuring in cells, tissues, and organs of human and mammalian species as they age. Physiology of aging in relation to the older person’s total existence and quality of life in later years. Upper division undergraduate course required in any of the following; Biology, Physiology, Nutrition. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 5684 - Program Development in Health Education
Theory, trends, and design of community health education programs implemented in communities, health agencies, hospitals, and industry. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Online Course

HNFE 5694 - Public Health Administration
This course will focus on relevant and timely public health administration concepts. The major topics covered include: health policy, health care planning, health care economics, health law, and managerial functions as they relate to health care and public health settings. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Online Course

HNFE 5724 - Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of the varying rates of diseases, injuries, or other health states in human and animal populations. This course consists of an introduction to epidemiological terminology, concepts and research methodology. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 5754 - Internship in Human Nutrition and Foods
Student participation in a planned clinical experience under supervision of a university staff member in an appropriate work center. (Maximum 12C). Consent required.
Credit Hours: 1 to 12
Lecture Hours: 1 to 12
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 5764 - Externship in Human Nutrition and Foods
Special interdisciplinary problem-solving clinics for experienced health practioners who are engaged part-time in graduate study while continuing in positions of leadership in health organization. (Maximum 12C). Consent required.
Credit Hours: 1 to 12
Lecture Hours: 1 to 12
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 5814 - Skeletal-muscular Function in Exercise
The skeleto-muscular system as the basis of human movement, muscular function in exercise and training, and assessment of muscle function. I
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

HNFE 5824 - Cardio-respiratory Foundations of Exercise
A study of the acute circulatory, myocardial, and respiratory responses in various forms of muscular exercise and the adaptations in these functions which occur through bed rest and physical training. Development of laboratory skills in human cardio-respiratory fitness testing. I
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

HNFE 5834 - Metabolic Aspects of Exercise
A study of basic energy and muscle metabolism during exercise and the adaptations which develop through physical training. II
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

HNFE 5844 - Exercise Testing and Prescription
A study of theory and practice of clinical exercise testing for determination of functional capacity in apparently healthy adults and those with selected chronic diseases, primarily ischemic heart disease. The scientific and clinical basis of prescribing developmental and rehabilitative exercise for these two types of individuals. II
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

HNFE 5854 - Workshop in Preventive and Therapeutic Exercise
Theory and practice of exercise training for adult fitness and certain chronic disease clients, especially those with ischemic heart disease. Topics include physiology of training, implementation, and monitoring of medically prescribed exercise, leadership techniques, primary and secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease, and program administration. III
Credit Hours: 1

Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab

HNFE 5874 - Advanced Sports Nutrition
Investigation of the role of nutrition in optimizing physical performance and health of active individuals. Emphasis will be on evaluation of the latest scientific information regarding sports nutrition and translation of this information for athletes and the general public. II.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 5964 - Field Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Lecture 1

HNFE 5974 - Independent Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Independent Study, Independent Study 1, Independent Study 2

HNFE 5984 - Special Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Lecture 1, Lecture 2, Lecture 3

HNFE 5994 - Research and Thesis

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Research

HNFE 6104 - Advanced Topics in Nutrition
Selected topics having current importance in nutrition. 6 credits in 5000 level HNFE courses required. required.
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

HNFE 7994 - Research and Dissertation

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Research

Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science Courses For Graduate at Virginia Polytechnic Institute And State University

PPWS 4264 (ENT 4264) - Pesticide Usage
An interdisciplinary study of pesticides used in urban and agricultural environments. Topics studied will include: classification, toxicology, formulation, application techniques, safety, legal considerations, environmental impact, and research and development of new pesticides. II
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

PPWS 4754 - Weed Science: Principles and Practices
Weeds and human affairs; costs and losses; emphasis on weed biology, weed identification and weed-crop ecology; agronomic, physiological, and chemical principles underlying prevention, eradication, and control of undesired vegetation; methods of weed control available for modern agronomic, forestry, horticultural, and non-crop situations. I
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

PPWS 5004 (WOOD 5004) (HORT 5004) (DASC 5004) (AAEC 5004) - Seminar
Review, discussion, invention, analysis, and synthesis of principles and concepts in plant pathology, plant physiology, and weed science. May be repeated. I,II
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

PPWS 5034 - Clinic and Field Experience
Student interns will participate in either a plant disease or a weed oriented clinic experience. Student interns will learn to diagnose and make recommendations for control of plant diseases from specimens received by the Plant Disease Clinic, or will learn to identify and make recommendations for control of weeds received by the Weed Clinic. Each of the two options within the course may be taken once for credit. I
Credit Hours: 1

Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab

PPWS 5044 (APSC 5044) - Biotechnology in Agriculture and Society
Worldwide impact of biotechnology applied to plants, animals, and microorganisms. Concepts, scientific and ethical issues, and public concerns related to genetic engineering. Safety and release of genetically engineered organisms; bioremediation; cloning, transgenic plants, animals, and microbes. Graduate Standing required. Two semesters each of biology and chemistry.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Online Course

PPWS 5054 - Plant Pathogenic Agents
Biology of plant pathogenic fungi, prokaryotes, viruses, and nematoads: morphology, taxonomy, ecology, plant-pathogen interactions, symptomatology, and selected aspects of management. Techniques for experimental plant pathology. Graduate standing required.
Credit Hours: 0 to 4
Lecture Hours: 0 to 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

PPWS 5064 (BIOL 5064) (BCHM 5064) (ALS 5064) - Seminar in Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology
Review and discussion of current problems and literature in molecular cell biology and biotechnology by students, VPI&SU faculty and outside speakers. Students give formal presentations of research results or current literature. May be taken on pass-fail basis. Students enrolled in the MCBB Ph.D. option will be required to give one formal presentation on an A-F basis. I,II
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

PPWS 5114 - Plantpath Prokaryotes
Part of a series of courses on agents causing plant disease. Identification, taxonomy, classification, cytochemistry, anatomy, genetics, plant-pathogen interactions, disease physiology, and control of plant pathogenic prokaryotes. I
Credit Hours: 0 to 2
Lecture Hours: 0 to 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

PPWS 5124 - Plant Pathogenic Viruses
Part of a series of courses on plant pathogenic agents that are a basis for contemporary graduate studies in plant pathology and related fields. Virus classification, isolation, chemical and structural properties, replication and pathogenicity, symptomatology, identification, ecology, vector dissemination, and control. Molecular biology of host-virus interactions, resistance mechanisms, and genetic engineering for control. I
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

PPWS 5134 - Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Part of a series of courses on plant pathogenic agents forming the basis for contemporary graduate studies in plant pathology. Morphology, taxonomy, and ecology of fungi which cause diseases of plants with emphasis on techniques for experimental plant pathology. II
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

PPWS 5144 - Plant Pathogenic Nematodes
Part of a four-part series of lectures and laboratories on plant pathogenic agents that are a basis for graduate studies in plant pathology. Nematode morphology, systematics, taxonomy, reproduction, distribution, sampling, and management strategies. Nematodes as vectors of viruses, disease interactions, evolution of parasitism and pathogenesis, and mechanisms of resistance. II
Credit Hours: 0 to 2
Lecture Hours: 0 to 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

PPWS 5204 - Principles of Plant Disease Management
Methods of plant disease management, and theories and effectiveness of their application. Discussion based on epidemiological principles. Methods include: cultural practices, resistance, chemical, and biological control. Laboratory 5214 supplements this course. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Online Course

PPWS 5214 - Diseases of Crop Plants
Symptoms, pathogen morphology, etiology, epidemiology, and practical control principles for important diseases of grains, oilseeds, legumes, forages, vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, and turf. Two semesters of college biology and one course in general plant pathology or equivalent exposure required. Graduate standing required.
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture, Online Course

PPWS 5304 - Plant Stress Physiology
Analysis of physiological responses of agricultural and native plants to environmental stresses such as extremes of temperature, availability of water and nutrients, and presence of air pollutants. Emphasis on linking stress caused changes in carbon gain, water loss, nutrient utilization, and energy balance with changes in growth. Laboratory to introduce equipment and research approaches used in greenhouse and field studies. II
Credit Hours: 0 to 4
Lecture Hours: 0 to 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

PPWS 5314 (GBCB 5314) - Biological Paradigms for Bioinformatics
This course is an intensive introduction to the central paradigms of molecular cell biology for bioinformatics. Material from cell molecular biology, and genetics will be presented, and placed in a genomics context. The course prepares students in mathematical disciplines to interact in teams in the pursuit of bioinformatics research. Pre: Senior or graduate standing in mathematically-based disciplines such as computer science, statistics, mathematics or engineering.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

PPWS 5334 (FOR 5334) - Plant Water Relations
Properties and status of water in the plant and thermodynamics in relation to water and solute movement; measuring water deficits and drought tolerance; and transpiration and stomatal action. I
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

PPWS 5344 (BCHM 5344) - Molecular Biology for the Life Sciences
A multi-disciplinary treatment of gene organization and expression in animal and plant systems. Emphasis on the applications of molecular biology to current problems in applied biology and biotechnology. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

PPWS 5454 - Plant Disease Physiology and Development
Principles and concepts of infection and colonization of plants. Role of host’s and pathogen’s physiology and biochemistry in disease susceptibility and resistance, recognition, and disease specificity. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

PPWS 5524 (HORT 5524) - Advanced Plant Physiology and Metabolism I
Plant metabolism and its regulation, cell and organ structure and function. Current understanding of photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen fixation, mineral nutrition, water and ion transport in plant cells and tissues, ecophysiology and responses of plants to the environment. Pre: undergraduate major in biology or related discipline. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

PPWS 5534 (HORT 5534) - Advanced Plant Physiology and Metabolism II
Presentation of the current understanding of metabolic and functional relationships among primary and secondary metabolites and storage products and their impact on the whole plant. Biosynthesis of phytohormones. Mechanisms controlling responses to phytohormones including: impact on carbon/nitrogen partitioning, senescence, development of higher plant structures such as vascular tissue and flowers. Pre: undergraduate major in Biology or related discipline. I,II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

PPWS 5624 (ENT 5624) - Animal and Plant Biosafety and Biosecurity
Principles, tools, and techniques of disease detection, early warning, and containment of animal and plant pathogens. Regulatory agencies and guidelines used to ensure the biosafety and biosecurity of the US food supply from accidental introductions and potential bioterrorism.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Online Course

PPWS 5704 - Weed Science and Management
Biological and ecological principles that influence persistence and spread of weeds. Weed genetics and the dynamics of plant species and communities, with emphasis on invasive species. Characteristics of herbicide action and metabolism that influence selectivity, resistance, and fate. Genetic engineering of herbicide resistant crops. Analysis of weed control programs for specific crops Pre: Two semesters of college biology and chemistry or two years’ experience in agricultural production, industry, or policy. Graduate standing required.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Online Course

PPWS 5754 - Herbicide Action and Metabolism
The study of the properties and characteristics of herbicides, the fundamental processes and principles involved in their action, and their metabolic detoxification by higher plants and microorganisms. Principles of herbicide selectivity and modern approaches to increase it. II
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

PPWS 5894 - Final Exam (Non-Thesis)
For students pursuing a non-thesis Master’s degree, who have completed all other course work. I,II,III
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 0
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

PPWS 5904 (UAP 5904) (TA 5904) (STAT 5904) (PHYS 5904) (PAPA 5904) (NR 5904) (NE 5904) (MSE 5904) (MKTG 5904) (MINE 5904) (ME 5904) (ISE 5904) (HTM 5904) (HORT 5904) (GIA 5904) (GEOG 5904) (FST 5904) (FOR 5904) (FIW 5904) (ESM 5904) (ENT 5904) (ENGR 5904) (EDPE 5904) (EDHL 5904) (EDCT 5904) (EDCI 5904) (ECPE 5904) (ECE 5904) (DASC 5904) (CSES 5904) (CS 5904) (COMM 5904) (CHEM 5904) (CHE 5904) (CEE 5904) (BSE 5904) (BMES 5904) (BC 5904) (ARCH 5904) (APSC 5904) (AOE 5904) (ALS 5904) (AHRM 5904) (AEE 5904) (AAEC 5904) - Project and Report
For students pursuing a non-thesis Master’s degree. Projects may involve guided research or an internship. I,II,III
Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Research

PPWS 5974 - Independent Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Independent Study

PPWS 5984 - Special Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Lecture 1, Lecture 2, Lecture 3

PPWS 5994 - Research and Thesis

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Research

PPWS 6004 - Advanced Topics in Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science
In depth presentations and discussions on selected advanced topics in plant pathology, physiology, and weed science. May be repeated. I,II
Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Lecture 1, Lecture 2

PPWS 6024 (BIOL 6024) (BCHM 6024) (ALS 6024) - Topics in Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology
Specific areas such as the molecular biology of plant and animal disease resistance, of photosynthesis, of oncogenes, of organelle assembly, and of growth and development, structure and function of polyamines and of proteases will be discussed. Students will give presentations and critically analyze current literature. May be repeated. I,II
Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Lecture 1, Lecture 2, Lecture 3

PPWS 7994 - Research and Dissertation

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Research

Biochemistry Courses For Graduate at Virginia Polytechnic Institute And State University

BCHM 4034 (VMS 4034) (BMVS 4034) - Environmental Health Toxicology
Health effects associated with the exposure to chemicals, identifying and managing problems of chemical exposure in work places and the environment, fundamental principles of biopharmaceutics and toxicokinetics, and risk assessment. Emphasis on conceptual understanding of chemical entry into the body, biotransformation, multiple chemical sensitivity, and chemically induced diseases. Identification of nutrient interactions with environmentally induced disorders and to understand the mechanisms of such interactions and their influence on human health and welfare.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 4054 (APSC 4054) - Genomics
A contemporary analysis of the development, utility and application of high-resolution methods for the study and manipulation of the complete genomes of organisms. The use of new techniques for genomic, metabolic and protein engineering (functional genomics), including high-throughput methods and nanotechnology, will be emphasized. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 4115 - General Biochemistry
Metabolism and chemistry of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids with emphasis on interactions and comparative aspects of microbial, plant, and animal forms. For students in the biochemistry curriculum and other students interested in a foundation course. (Students are required to have at least a C- in both Chem 2535 and 2536 to be admitted to BCHM 4115). I,II
Credit Hours: 4
Lecture Hours: 4
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 4116 - General Biochemistry
Metabolism and chemistry of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids with emphasis on interactions and comparative aspects of microbial, plant, and animal forms. For students in the biochemistry curriculum and other students interested in a foundation course. (Students are required to have at least a C- in both Chem 2535 and 2536 to be admitted to BCHM 4115). I,II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 4224 - Spectroscopy of Biomolecules
Presentation of the applications of modern spectroscopic methods, including UV-visible, fluorescence, NMR, ESR, CD/ORD, and mass spectrometry, to biochemical analysis. Selected instruments and their uses will be demonstrated. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 5004 - Seminar in Biochemistry
Review and discussion of current problems and literature in biochemistry and nutrition. Student presentation of research results, faculty research, and visiting lecturers. May be repeated. Biochemistry majors only. I,II
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 5014 - Techniques in Biochemical Research
Principles of basic modern biochemical research techniques applicable to protein structure and chemistry; enzymology; nucleic acid biochemistry; gene expression and organization; microbial metabolism; coenzyme biosynthesis; structure and function of membranes and subcellular organelles. Must have graduate standing in Biochemistry. I,II.
Credit Hours: 3

Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab

BCHM 5024 - Computational Biochemistry for Bioinformatics
Applications of protein structure and function, protein characterization, enzyme kinetics, and analysis of metabolic control for students with a background in computer science, mathematics, statistics, or engineering. Pre: B.S or senior standing in computer science, mathematics, statistics, or engineering. Not available to life science majors for credit. II.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 5054 - Molecular Biology of Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
An analysis of the experimental design and methodology used to elucidate molecular regulation of prokaryotic gene expression. Modern genetic technologies used to identify and characterize these regulatory mechanisms will be emphasized. II. Alternate years.
Credit Hours: 2
Lecture Hours: 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 5064 (PPWS 5064) (BIOL 5064) (ALS 5064) - Seminar in Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology
Review and discussion of current problems and literature in molecular cell biology and biotechnology by students, VPI&SU faculty and outside speakers. Students give formal presentations of research results or current literature. May be taken on pass-fail basis. Students enrolled in the MCBB Ph.D. option will be required to give one formal presentation on an A-F basis. Graduate status in participating MCBB departments required. I,II
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 5115 - Principles of Biochemistry
Comprehensive presentation of principles of protein structure, enzymology, bioenergetics, and metabolism. Relationships between regulatory mechanisms and molecular biology. Current literature on these topics provides emphasis on the relationship of primary scientific literature to biochemical knowledge. Biochemistry majors only. I,II
Credit Hours: 4
Lecture Hours: 4
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 5116 - Principles of Biochemistry
Comprehensive presentation of principles of protein structure, enzymology, bioenergetics, and metabolism. Relationships between regulatory mechanisms and molecular biology. Current literature on these topics provides emphasis on the relationship of primary scientific literature to biochemical knowledge. Biochemistry majors only. I, II.
Credit Hours: 4
Lecture Hours: 4
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 5124 - Biochemistry for the Life Sciences
Basic principles of biochemistry including protein structure, enzymology, gene expression, bioenergetics, and pathways of energy metabloism. Not available to Biochemistry majors. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 5204 - Molecular Biology of Eucaryotic Gene Expression
Mechanisms controlling eucaryotic gene expression. Topics include biochemistry and metabolism of DNA and RNA, gene and chromatin structure, enzymology of replication and transcription, modification and processing of RNA, recombinant DNA and molecular cloning techniques. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 5214 - Molecular Biology of the Cell
Current concepts of the molecular organization of animal and plant cells the biosynthesis and assembly of cellular structures. Topics include membrane structure and function, biosynthesis of cellular organelles, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, chemical signalling between cells, and the production of engineered proteins in cells. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 5224 - Protein Structure and Function
Structure and function of proteins. Topics include special techniques in protein purification and characterization, techniques for studying protein structure, posttranslational modification of proteins and selected topics to study the structure-function relationship of proteins. Taught alternate years. I.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 5304 - Enzyme Kinetics and Reaction Mechanisms
Analysis of the mechanisms of enzyme-catalyzed reactions using kinetic and spectroscopic measurements, inhibitors and other chemical probes, or enzyme modification via site-directed mutagenesis. Development and interpretation of kinetic rate equations. Theory and models of enzymatic catalysis. II. Alternate years.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 5344 (PPWS 5344) - Molecular Biology for the Life Sciences
A multi-disciplinary treatment of gene organization and expression in animal and plant systems. Emphasis on the applications of molecular biology to current problems in applied biology and biotechnology. II.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 5444 - Molecular Modeling of Proteins and Nucleic Acids
Theory and practice of molecular modeling as applied to biological macromolecules. Topics include molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics, homology modeling, protein- ligand interactions, and rational drug design. II
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

BCHM 5454 - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Anaerobic Organisms
Contemporary analysis of the biochemistry, genetics, and ecology of strictly anaerobic organisms with emphasis on metabolism as it influences ecological niche and elicits the beneficial and deleterious effects on mankind; techniques to achieve anaerobiosis; role of anaerobic organisms in disease and industrial processes; genome structure of selected anaerobes.
Credit Hours: 2
Lecture Hours: 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 5974 - Independent Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Independent Study, Independent Study 1

BCHM 5984 - Special Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 5994 - Research and Thesis

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Research

BCHM 6004 - Advanced Topics in Biochemistry
Advanced topics of current interest selected from the current literature. May be repeated. I
Credit Hours: 2
Lecture Hours: 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

BCHM 6024 (PPWS 6024) (BIOL 6024) (ALS 6024) - Topics in Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology
Specific areas such as the molecular biology of plant and animal disease resistance, of photosynthesis, of oncogenes, of organelle assembly, and of growth and development, structure and function of polyamines and of proteases will be discussed. Students will give presentations and critically analyze current literature. May be repeated. I,II
Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Lecture 1, Lecture 2

BCHM 7994 - Research and Dissertation

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Research

Animal and Dairy Science Courses  For Graduate at Virginia Polytechnic Institute And State University

DASC 4174 - Applied Dairy Cattle Genetics
Application of genetic principles to dairy cattle improvement. Setting goals for genetic improvement, characteristics of traits included in selection,current methods of estimating breeding values, the role of artificial insemination and breed associations in genetic improvement, cattle genetics. II
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

DASC 4304 - Principles & Practices of Bovine Reproduction
Principles and techniques in reproductive physiology and herd management related to health, record keeping, estrus detection and synchronization, and ultrasonography. Ovarian function and superovulation, semen handling, artificial insemination and pregnancy detection are also considered. I.
Credit Hours: 0 to 2
Lecture Hours: 0 to 1
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

DASC 5004 (WOOD 5004) (PPWS 5004) (HORT 5004) (AAEC 5004) - Seminar
Reports and discussion of current research in dairy science. Required of DaSc graduate students. May be repeated. I,II
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

DASC 5474 - Dairy Management Decisions
Principles and techniques of evaluating dairy management alternatives, with emphasis on integration of interest, borrowed capital, income taxes, and risk in the decision process. Effective use of microcomputers, production records, and modeling techniques to evaluate management strategies. Even years. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

DASC 5904 - Project and Report

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Research

DASC 5974 - Independent Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Independent Study

DASC 5984 - Special Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

DASC 5994 - Research and Thesis

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Research

Agricultural and Life Sciences Courses  For Graduate at Virginia Polytechnic Institute And State University
ALS 4304 - Physiology of Reproduction
Physiological mechanisms that control and affect reproductive processes in domestic animals, birds, humans, and selected other species. I,II
Credit Hours: 0 to 4
Lecture Hours: 0 to 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

ALS 4404 (UAP 4404) (NR 4404) - Approaches To International Development
An introduction to issues relating to international development. The course will focus on areas to help students better understand the interdependencies between countries and how institutions and organizations can foster effective working relationships on global projects of mutual interest between countries. I.
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 4504 - Natural Resource Conservation
Designed primarily to train elementary and secondary teachers, supervisors, and administrators in natural resource conservation. A three-week course. Emphasis is placed on soils, water, geology, forestry, wildlife, and marine life. Available for graduate credit except to agronomy, forestry, and wildlife majors. III
Credit Hours: 0 to 4
Lecture Hours: 0 to 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

ALS 4524 - Farming Systems Research and Development
Characteristics of extensive and intensive farming systems in developing countries. Comparison with U.S. small farming systems. Methods of multi-disciplinary team organization, informal team surveys, grouping farm households, and design and analysis of on-farm trials. Introduction of these methods into developing country and domestic research and extension systems. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 4554 (BIOL 4554) - Neurochemical Regulation
Neurochemical transmission within the vertebrate brain will be examined. Emphasis will be placed on the chemical coding underlying the control of various behaviors and how these systems can be modified by various drugs or diet. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 4574 (BIOL 4574) - Social Behavior of Birds and Mammals
This course examines origins, influences and implications of social behavior in a variety of avian and mammalian species. Emphasis is placed on understanding group organization and dynamics in interand intra-species situations. Experimental data from several disciplines (e.g., genetics, physiology, biochemistry) are reviewed to demonstrate their associations with behavioral adaptive mechanisms. Avian and mammalian species living in wild, zoo, agricultural, companion and laboratory settings are discussed.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 4614 (NR 4614) - Watershed Assessment, Management, and Policy
Multidisciplinary perspectives of assessment, management and policy issues for protecting and improving watershed ecosystems. Topics include: monitoring and modeling approaches for assessment, risk-based watershed assessment geographic information systems for watershed analysis, decision support systems and computerized decision tools for watershed management, policy alternatives for watershed protection, urban watersheds, and current issues in watershed management. Pre: Two 4000 level courses in environmental/natural resource science, management, engineering, and/or policy in BSE, CEE, FOR, GEOL, LAR, CSES, ENT, BIO, GEOG, AAEC, UAP or equivalent. (2H, 2C). II.
Credit Hours: 2
Lecture Hours: 2
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5004 - Animal Nutrition Seminar
Reports and discussion of current research in animal nutrition on an inter-departmental basis. May be repeated. II
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5014 - Seminar in Plant Physiology
Formal presentation of principles and concepts in plant physiology. Review, discussion and critical evaluation of current primary literature and research data. May be repeated. II
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5054 (HNFE 5054) - Methodology in Nutrition Research
Use of laboratory techniques, instrumentation, and experimental design in the solution of fundamental problems in human and animal nutrition. Odd years. II
Credit Hours: 2
Lecture Hours: 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5064 (PPWS 5064) (BIOL 5064) (BCHM 5064) - Seminar in Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology
Review and discussion of current problems and literature in molecular cell biology and biotechnology by students, VPI&SU faculty and outside speakers. Students give formal presentations of research results or current literature. May be taken on pass-fail basis. Students enrolled in the MCBB Ph.D. option will be required to give one formal presentation on an A-F basis. Graduate status in participating MCBB departments required. I,II
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5084 - Advanced Ruminant Nutrition Colloquium
Research papers in nutrition of ruminant animals (beef, dairy, sheep) will be reviewed. Research papers will be selected from scientific journals such as the Journal of Dairy Science, the Journal of Animal Science, the Journal of Nutrition, and Animal Feed Science and Technology. May be repeated (no restriction on number of times). Graduate standing required.
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5094 - Effective Grant Writing for the Biomedical aand Behavioral Sciences
The grant writing process and developing student skills for successful grant writing to support research enterprises. Students will prepare a mock research grant proposal for obtaining funds from the National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, or the US Department of Agriculture and participate in panel review of grant proposals of peers.
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5104 (HNFE 5104) - Nutritional Aspects of Digestive Systems
Principles of gastrointestinal tract structure, motility, and digestive functions with emphasis on neuroendocrine and metabolic regulation of absorption and transport of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, minerals, and vitamins during the life cycles of food animals and humans. I
Credit Hours: 2
Lecture Hours: 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5105 - Population Genetics
Principles of population genetics; gene frequency; forces that change gene frequency (migration, mutation, selection); genetic drift; biometric relationships between relatives; calculation of inbreeding and relationship; additive, dominance, and epistatic effects; estimation and use of repeatability, heritability, and genetic correlations; and formation and use of selection goals and selection criteria. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5106 - Population Genetics
Principles of population genetics; gene frequency; forces that change gene frequency (migration, mutation, selection); genetic drift; biometric relationships between relatives; calculation of inbreeding and relationship; additive, dominance, and epistatic effects; estimation and use of repeatability, heritability, and genetic correlations; and formation and use of selection goals and selection criteria. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5114 (HNFE 5114) - Vitamins and Minerals
Study of metabolic regulation and physiologic functions of micronutrients; micronutrient functions as related to maintenance of health and prevention of disease; analytical methods, determination of micronutrient requirements and assessment of status. Odd years. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5124 (HNFE 5124) - Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism
Protein and amino acid metabolism in liver, muscle, kidney, and brain; effects of dietary protein on gene expression; protein turnover in tissues; protein quality evaluations; analytical problems in amino acid metabolism. Even years. II
Credit Hours: 2
Lecture Hours: 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5134 (HNFE 5134) - Carbohydrates, Lipids and Energy Metabolism
Concepts in the utilization, metabolism and regulation of carbohydrates and lipids as related to energy metabolism in the various organs and energy balance and its control; metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids during activity, fasting, and different disease states in the liver, brain, adipose tissue, kidney and heart; methods of assessment of cardohydrate and lipid metabolism. Odd years. I
Credit Hours: 2
Lecture Hours: 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5144 (HNFE 5144) - Molecular Aspects of Nutrition and Disease
The role of specific nutrients in human and animal health at a physiologic and molecular level. Emphasis is placed on the influence of nutrients on gene expression especially with regard to pathophysiology of diseases. Physiological and molecular aspects of nutrition and immune function will also be discussed. Even years. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5164 - Advanced Topics in Animal Nutrition
Advanced concepts in nutrition of cattle, poultry, swine, and horses in modern production systems. Comparative nutrition across species and species-specific concepts. Emphasis on understanding current concepts in nutrition and on relating the science to the unique circumstances associated with these animals. Taught odd years. II
Credit Hours: 4
Lecture Hours: 4
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5204 - Research and Information Systems in the Life Sciences
A focus on research techniques and processes for life science professions. Topics include: history of applied life sciences, current structure of the scientific enterprise, the scientific method and quality assurances, researching the literature, scientific writing and presentation of research results, instructional techniques, professionalism, and ethical considerations. Information technology is employed throughout the course. Students learn to use digital technologies for communication, presentation, and publication.
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

ALS 5214 - Information Systems and Research in the Life Sciences
Research techniques and processes used in the life science professions. History of applied life sciences, structure of the scientific enterprise, the scientific method and quality assurances, researching the literature and critically evaluating information, scientific writing and communication of research results, professionalism, and ethics. Graduate standing required.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Online Course

ALS 5284 - Advanced Topics in Equine Nutrition
A critical review of current research in equine nutrition is presented. Special emphasis is placed on new concepts of nutrient requirements and interrelationships, and on factors affecting nutrient intake and utilization. I
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5304 - Advanced Physiology and Anatomy of Domestic Animals
Mammalian physiology and anatomy will be evaluated in domestic animals, laboratory animals, and primates. Emphasis will be on the cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, neural, muscle, and digestive physiology. I
Credit Hours: 0 to 5
Lecture Hours: 0 to 4
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

ALS 5314 - Comparative Reproductive Physiology
Comparative mechanisms of all major aspects of male and female reproductive physiology will be examined in domestic animals, laboratory animals, and primates. Emphasis will be given to species variation in regard to reproductive function and to a detailed examination of key reproductive events in both sexes. II
Credit Hours: 4
Lecture Hours: 4
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5904 - Project and Report

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Research

ALS 5954 - Study Abroad

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5964 - Field Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 12
Lecture Hours: 1 to 12
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 5974 - Independent Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Independent Study

ALS 5984 - Special Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Lecture 1, Lecture 2, Lecture 3, Lecture 4, Lecture 5, Lecture 6, Online Course

ALS 6024 (PPWS 6024) (BIOL 6024) (BCHM 6024) - Topics in Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology
Specific areas such as the molecular biology of plant and animal disease resistance, of photosynthesis, of oncogenes, of organelle assembly, and of growth and development, structure and function of polyamines and of proteases will be discussed. Students will give presentations and critically analyze current literature. May be repeated. I,II
Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Lecture 1, Lecture 2, Lecture 3

ALS 6104 - Advanced Topics in Selection
Theoretical and applied concepts involving selection. Emphasis is on long and short-term responses to artificial selection, control populations, genotype-environment interactions, natural selection, and genetic homeostasis. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 6314 - Endocrinology
Mechanisms in endocrine control of physiological systems will be discussed. Emphasis will be on hypothalamic, pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreatic, and reproductive systems. II
Credit Hours: 0 to 3
Lecture Hours: 0 to 2
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

ALS 6984 - Special Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

ALS 7964 - Field Studies

Credit Hours: 1 to 12
Lecture Hours: 1 to 12
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

Agricultural and Applied Economics For Graduate at Virginia Polytechnic Institute And State University

AAEC 4104 - Retirement Planning
Overview of planning needs, products, and strategies used by financial professionals to help businesses, small business owners, and individuals choose and implement an effective retirement plan. Must have prerequisite or permission of instructor.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 4124 - Client Relationship Management
Investigation of socio-psychological factors and communication/interviewing strategies that foster trust-based relationships essential to the success of financial advisors and other financial service professionals. Graduate students are expected to have completed AAEC 3104 or an equivalent course or may enroll with permission of the instructor.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 4134 - Financial Planning Applications
Integration of financial planning content in the resolution of client situatiions in the context of ethical and compliant workplace practices. Utilizes a case analysis approach applying financial planning processes and procedures. Graduate students are expected to have similar background from equivalent courses or professional experience or may enroll by permission of the instructor.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 4304 - Environment and Sustainable Development Economics
Economics of environment and sustainable development. Topics include economic efficiency, property rights, externalities, benefit-cost analysis, economic evaluation procedures, public and private conflicts in land use, water quality, and international growth/development/environmental issues. I,II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 4314 - Environmental Economic Analysis and Management
Quantitative methods and computer-aided tools used in the economic analysis of environmental/natural resource issues. Economic concepts and analytical tools will be applied to realistic, problem-solving situations. Topics include cost effectiveness analysis, benefit-cost analysis, economic simulations, and statistical analysis. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 4344 - Sustainable Development Economics
Sustainable development concepts are critically explored particular emphasis on implications for domestic and international sustainable development agriculture and for economic development. Students investigate case studies illustrating problems of sustainable development and potential policy solutions. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 4404 - Agricultural Management and Problem-solving
Capstone course for students interested in agribusiness management. Application of concepts, tools, and principles including management, finance, marketing, economic theory, and quantitative methods to applied agricultural decisions. Application of knowledge on selected agricultural projects that enhance team-building, written, and oral communication skills. Computer spreadsheet application and senior status. II
Credit Hours: 0 to 4
Lecture Hours: 0 to 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lab, Lecture

AAEC 4504 - Agricultural Price and Market Analysis
Estimation of agricultural supply, demand, and price relationships. Determination of market potential for new products. Students identify problem, collect data, estimate statistical relationship(s), interpret results, and write research report. Use of probability distribution in marketing strategy development. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 4754 - Real Estate Law
The law of real property, legal framework, law of estates in land, conveyancing, landlord-tenant and non-possessory interest in real property. Zoning, easements, restrictive covenants. Mortgages, deeds of trust, and taxation of real estate. Junior standing required. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 4764 - Real Estate Appraisal
Application of economic principles to the valuation and appraisal of property. Income, cost and comparable approach to value. Rural property, commercial, residential and transitional will be evaluated. Ethical and professional requirements. Variable lab credit available to meet Real Estate licensing requirements. (Course credits may vary from 3 to 5 hours.) Junior standing required. II
Credit Hours: 1 to 5
Lecture Hours: 1 to 5
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 4804 (STAT 4804) - Elementary Econometrics
Economic applications of mathematical and statistical techniques: regression, estimators, hypothesis testing, lagged variables, discrete variables, violations of assumptions, simultaneous equations. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 4984 - Special Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Undergraduate and Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Lecture 1, Lecture 2

AAEC 5004 (WOOD 5004) (PPWS 5004) (HORT 5004) (DASC 5004) - Seminar
Formal presentation and discussion of current problems, programs, and research studies in agricultural economics. Presentations and discussions. Repeatable for credit. I,II
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 5024 - Mathematical Programming for Economist
Employing economic principles to optimally achieve the goals of firms as a “whole.” Linear, non-linear, and integer programming are employed to model firm decision making. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 5025 - Applied Microeconomic
Basic economic theory of food and fiber production, food and fiber consumption, agricultural markets, and social welfare as influenced by the agricultural sector. Major emphasis placed on application of theory to current agricultural and resource problems. I,II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 5026 - Applied Microeconomics
Basic economic theory of food and fiber production, food and fiber consumption, agricultural markets, and social welfare as influenced by the agricultural sector. Major emphasis placed on application of theory to current agricultural and resource problems. I,II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 5034 - Agribusiness Marketing
Marketing tools needed to identify and solve the complexity of marketing food and agribusiness products. Contemporary trends, marketing strategies, and problems in the food and agribusiness sector. Pre: Understanding of introductory microeconomic theory. Graduate standing required.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Online Course

AAEC 5104 - Research Project Plan
Planning and executing a research project with emphasis on problem identification, formulation of hypothesis, choice of appropriate empirical technique and data sources. II
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 5125 (ECON 5125) - Empirical Research Methods in Economics
Extensive treatment of new techniques for economic modeling. 5125: Probability and statistical inference, linear regression and related dynamic models, specification, estimation, misspecification, respecification, identification. 5126: Simultaneous equations, dynamic systems, time series, limited dependent variable models. Permission of the Director of the Graduate Studies required. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 5126 (ECON 5126) - Empirical Research Methods in Economics
Extensive treatment of new techniques for economic modeling. 5125: Probability and statistical inference, linear regression and related dynamic models, specification, estimation, misspecification, respecification, identification. 5126: Simultaneous equations, dynamic systems, time series, limited dependent variable models. Permission of the Director of Graduate Studies required. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 5134 - Agricultural Marketing
Concepts of technical and economic efficiency as they are related to the flow of agricultural products from farm to consumer. Major topics include: market equilibrium over time, space and form; price discovery under different market structures, and price risk management with futures and options. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 5144 - Resource and Environmental Economics
Economic theory and methods are applied to analysis of the uses of natural resources, environmental problems and public investment planning. The contribution of economic analysis to public policy formulation is stressed. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 5154 - International Agricultural Development and Trade
This course focuses on the role of agriculture in economic development and the effects of alternative trade policies and practices in less developed nations. Topics include agriculture in theories of development, population growth, migration, the economic organization of the peasant-household firm, technological change, institutional change, effects of trade restrictions, exchange rates, trade preferences, regional economic groupings, food aid, trade negotiations, agricultural sector marketing, and project analysis. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 5174 - International Agricultural Development and Trade
Agriculture in world economic development, agricultural modernization strategies, and the effects of trade policies and agreements on agriculture. Dimensions of world food, population, income, and natural resource issues; technological and institutional change; trade, capital flows and foreign aid. Understanding of introductory microeconomic and macroeconomic theory required. Graduate standing required.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Online Course

AAEC 5244 - Rural Development
Theory and methods related to economic development of rural America. Considers the roles of agriculture, resources, human capital, and federal, state and local governments in development processes. Outlines the constraints created by resource scarcity, location and government policy. Quantitative methods in resource development, regional development and impact analysis are introduced. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 5894 - Final Examination

Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 5904 - Project and Report

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Research

AAEC 5945 (ECON 5945) - Econometric Theory and Practice
An intensive coverage of the most important techniques of econometric estimation and hypothesis testing, addressing the use of both cross-section and time series data. A core sequence in the MA program in both locations. Prerequisite to the research-thesis seminar in Northern Vriginia. I,II.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 5946 (ECON 5946) - Econometric Theory and Practice
An intensive coverage of the most important techniques of econometric estimation and hypothesis testing, addressing the use of both cross-section and time series data, A core sequence in the MA program in both locations. Prerequisite to the research-thesis seminar in Northern Virginia. I,II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 5954 - Study Abroad

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 5974 - Independent Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Independent Study

AAEC 5984 - Special Study

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Lecture Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture, Lecture 1, Lecture 2

AAEC 5994 - Research and Thesis

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Research

AAEC 6004 - Seminar
Formal presentation and discussion of current problems, programs, and research studies in agricultural economics including projects employing advanced theoretical and quantitative techniques. Presentations and discussions. Repeatable for credit, up to 3 (M.S.) or 4 (Ph.D.) times. I,II,III,IV
Credit Hours: 1
Lecture Hours: 1
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 6304 (ECON 6304) - International Trade and Finance
Core models in international trade and finance; current topics in international economics. Ricardian, Hecksher-Ohlin-Samuelson, Dynamic imperfect competition trade theories; Political economy of trade; Trade policy, Factor mobility, Uncertainty, and Intra-industry trade. Mundell-Fleming, Monetary, Real- and Imperfect competition- Micro-foundations theories of international macroeconomics; exchange rate determination; and capital markets. Extensions to monetary and fiscal policy, economic growth, and external debt analysis.
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 6424 (ECON 6424) - Risk Analysis
Advanced treatment of the analysis and optimization of risky economic decisions using mathematical tools and analytic concepts. Tools include: structuring risky decision problems, measuring uncertainty, risk preferences, optimal choices under uncertainty, value of information, and communication of uncertainty. Alternate years. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 6434 (ECON 6434) - Markets and Regulation
Advanced theoretical and empirical issues relating to the economic analysis of markets. Majors topics include assessing economic performance of markets under varying competitive assumptions; quantitative methods of modeling and analyzing markets over multiple dimensions; anti-trust and other market regulations. Odd years. I
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 6444 (ECON 6444) - Regional and Urban Economics
An advanced study of the theory and application of regional and urban economics, with particular focus on the spatial aspects of economic activity. Topics include: nature of regional and urban areas, models of regional economies, location choice of firms and consumers, local public finance, housing, transportation, and labor markets. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 6454 (ECON 6454) - Dynamic Analysis
Advanced treatment of the analysis and optimization of dynamic economic systems using mathematical tools and analytic concepts. Topics include: optimal control theory; dynamic programming; economics of resource allocation over time; and stochastic optimization models. Permission of course instructor required. Alternate years. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 6464 - Demand and Production Analysis
Issues in microeconomic model development and estimation relating to demand and production systems. Topics include duality, separability, aggregation, flexible functional forms, selecting and estimating appropriate demand/ production models. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 6474 (ECON 6474) - Applied General Equilibrium Analysis
Theoretical and empirical issues in developing and implementing numerical general equilibrium models. Development of basic analytical framework and model properties, and study of selected applications in international trade, public finance, and resource and environmental economics. II
Credit Hours: 3
Lecture Hours: 3
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Lecture

AAEC 7994 - Research and Dissertation

Credit Hours: 1 to 19
Level(s): Graduate
Instruction Type: Research

Youth Programs at University of Arizona

Computer Camp: Web Design
Grades 4 – 6
Grades 7 – 11

Calling All Young Writers: Higher Learning, Higher Writing
Grades 4 – 6

English & Writing: The College Writer
Grades 7 – 9

Improv with the Wildcats Camp!
Grades 7 – 8

Wildcat Drama Camp
Grades 7 – 8

Wildcat Junior Drama Camp
Grades 4 – 6

Photojournalism Camp
Grades 7 – 11

Astronomy Camp
Grades 7 – 10

CSI Science Investigation Camp
Grades 7 – 8

Environmental Science Research Camp
Grades 8 – 11

Engineering Robotics Camp
Grades 6 – 8

Optical Sciences Camp
Grades 9 – 12

UMC Camp Scrubs!
Grades 7 – 8

Geography & Chess Camp
Grades 3 – 5

Classics Camp: The Ancient World of Gladiators, Gods, Greeks, and Romans!
Grades 7 – 10

Fencing Camp: Beginners
Grades 6 – 12

Girls with Tools I
Grades 8 – 12

Girls with Tools II – Advanced Metal and Woodwork
Grades 8 – 12

Law Camp
Grades 8 – 12

New! iD Tech Camps
Ages 7 – 17

Credit Outreach: Courses at University of Arizona

ART 499/599 – Furnace Glassblowing I
ART 499/599 – Furnace Glassblowing II
PL S 270 – Golf & Sport Turf Management

Degree and Certificate Programs at University of Arizona   
Graduate Professional Certificate in Optical Sciences
Master of Science in Optical Sciences
Online Graduate Certificate in Gerontology
SIRLS Certificate in Digital Information Management
Graduate Online Engineering Courses